ニホンナシ新品種‘ほしあかり’

‘Hoshiakari’ is a new multiple disease-resistant cultivar for black spot and pear scab of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), released in 2014 by the Institute of Fruit Tree Science, NARO. The cultivar was developed from a cross between 314-32 (‘Kinchaku’ × ‘Hosui’) and ‘Akiakari’ in 1997, was selected as a promising tree in 2006, and included in the 8th national trial as ‘Nashi Tsukuba 56’ from 2007, which was conducted at 37 experimental stations in 36 prefectures throughout Japan. The cultivar was ultimately selected and released as ‘Hoshiakari’ in 2014, and was registered as No. 24373 under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act of Japan on June 19, 2015.
Tree vigor of ‘Hoshiakari’ was moderately weak in the national trial. They produced moderate number of shoots, moderate number of fruit spurs, and moderately large number of axillary flower buds. The flowering time of ‘Hoshiakari’ was April 13, one and five days earlier than those of ‘Hosui’ and ‘Kosui’, respectively. The harvest time was September 2, approximately 10 days later than that of ‘Kosui’, but one week earlier than that of ‘Hosui’, in the national trial. ‘Hoshiakari’ shows resistance to both black spot and pear scab diseases, and exhibits no significant pest problems under the standard spraying program. ‘Hoshiakari’ is cross-compatible with other leading cultivars as its S-genotype is S5Sk, which is different from those of other leading cultivars.
Fruit shape of ‘Hoshiakari’ is round to broad elliptical and uniformity of fruit is moderately bad to medium. Fruit weight averaged approximately 400 g in the national trial, comparable to that of ‘Kosui’ but smaller than that of ‘Hosui’. Flesh firmness of ‘Hoshiakari’ was 4.6 lbs, softer than ‘Kosui’. The soluble solid content averaged 13.5%, higher than that of ‘Kosui’ and ‘Hosui’. The juice pH averaged 5.2, lower than that of ‘Kosui’ but higher than that of ‘Hosui’. The eating quality of ‘Hoshiakari’ was comparable or superior than that of ‘Kosui’ and ‘Hosui’. ‘Hoshiakari’ is expected to be cultivated as a multiple disease-resistant cultivar, which is expected to require fewer applications and lower amounts of fungicides, compared to other leading cultivars.

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黒星病と黒斑病はニホンナシ栽培において最も重要な病害であり,抵抗性品種の育成が求められている．‘ほしあかり’は，1997年に314-32（‘巾着’×‘豊水’）に‘あきあかり’を交雑し，育成した実生から選抜した，黒斑病と黒星病に複合抵抗性を示す，やや早生のニホンナシ品種である．2007年からナシ第8回系統適応性検定試験に供試し，2014年2月の果樹系統適応性・特性検定試験成績検討会で新品種候補にふさわしいとの合意が得られ，2015年6月19日に第24373号として種苗法に基づき品種登録された．樹勢はやや弱く，枝梢の発生は中程度．短果枝の着生は中程度，えき花芽の着生はやや多い．開花期は‘豊水’に近く，‘幸水’より早い．S遺伝子型はS5Skで，いずれの主要品種とも和合性を示す．若木の収量は‘豊水’より少なく，‘幸水’程度である．成熟期は‘幸水’より10日程度遅く，‘豊水’より7日程度早い．果実は円または円楕円形を呈し，大きさは400g程度で‘幸水’と同程度で，‘豊水’より小さい．果肉は硬度が4.6ポンドで‘幸水’より軟らかく，糖度は13.5％で‘幸水’，‘豊水’より高く，pHは5.2程度で酸味が少なく，食味は総じて‘幸水’，‘豊水’と同等以上である．果実の日持ち性は10日程度で‘幸水’よりやや長く．‘豊水’程度である．黒星病・黒斑病複合抵抗性を示すため，殺菌剤散布回数を削減できる可能性があり，普及が期待される．

書誌情報

農研機構研究報告
en : Journal of the NARO Research and Development

巻 7, p. 21-28, 発行日 2021-07-30

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国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構

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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan (NARO)

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2434-9909

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