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チャオプラヤデルタ上流東岸域における水管理計画・運用
https://doi.org/10.24514/0002000079
https://doi.org/10.24514/000200007971d64c93-1ae8-4426-90aa-b268909237ed
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TRNIREJ203_155-193.pdf (2.2 MB)
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© 国立研究開発法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan |
| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper_03(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2024-03-15 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | Water Management Planning and Operation in the Upper East Bank of the Chao Phraya Delta | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | チャオプラヤデルタ上流東岸域における水管理計画・運用 | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.24514/0002000079 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
上田, 達己
× 上田, 達己
e-Rad
80414431
× 小川, 茂男 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | 1 Background of the MWMS Project and the present study The Chao Phraya Delta, where rice cultivation has been practiced extensively as the national granary and which holds the capital Bangkok in the downstream, is the heart of economic activities in Thailand. In recent years, the water demand has been growing due to the migration of people into Bangkok and its surroundings, an increase of foreign capital factories following the industrialization, and the expansion of dry-season's rice cultivation (Kaida, 1978; Shioda, 2000). But the water supply in this region largely depends upon the Bhumibol and Sirikit Reservoir Dams located in the upstream of the Chao Phraya River (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Therefore, the water supply conditions are increasingly becoming vulnerable to the weather conditions. On the other hand, developing new large-scale reservoirs is becoming difficult, as the consideration of environmental effects and discussions with landowners have become important issues. Thus any new water resources development project needs a long period of coordination in recent years. Furthermore, the agricultural sector that occupies a large part of water demand has such problems as the shortage of irrigation water in the dry seasons and inefficient use of irrigation water at the on-farm level. Thus, in order to cope with the new water demand, the government of Thailand has aimed at using existing water Furthermore, the recent government policy, according to the 8th Agricultural Development Plan (1997 to 2001), is to strengthen an international competitive position through the production of highly-valued and diversified crops and effective utilization of the natural resources for sustainable agricultural development. As the largest rice exporting country in the world, the Thai government intends to stop further decrease in the price of rice that is under the surplus condition in the international market. At the same time, the government intends to secure the farmers' income and to promote the crop diversification instead of rice monoculture during the water shortage period of dry-seasons. In summary, we need to promote effective water management methods and crop diversification, as the countermeasure to the water shortage in the dry season and decrease in rice price. From the above backgrounds, the government of the Kingdom of Thailand requested a new project under the Project Type of Technical Cooperation scheme to the government of Japan, who has implemented the Irrigation Engineering Center Project (IEC and IEC Phase II) from 1985 to 1997. Accordingly, both the governments agreed to launch a new Technical Cooperation Project called the "Modernization of Water Management System (MWMS) Project". The objectives of the MWMS Project are overviewed as follows. The improvement of water management at the basin and delta level is implemented for creating water resources. At the same time, the improvement of on-farm facilities for dry-season's cropping is executed. And for maintaining the installed facilities and improving water management at the on-farm level, Water Users' Groups organized by the farmers are established and strengthened. In addition, farming technologies for dry-season's field cropping in the delta area are developed and promoted. And, for the dissemination of the above outputs and advancement of relevant activities, trainings and seminars are conducted. The Project is undertaken by the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and the Department of Agriculture Extension (DOAE) with the technical assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The Project is planned to continue for 5 years from April 1999 to March 2004, with a follow-up program from April 2004 to September 2005. Among the five Working Groups organized under the MWMS Project, the Basin and Delta Level Water Management Working Group, to which the authors belonged, was engaged in improving basin and delta level water management systems. Since 2002, the Working Group focused attentions to the Upper East Bank of the Chao Phraya Delta, where we set a study area. Thus, this study summarized major activities and outcomes of the Working Group between April 2002 and March 2004, with the focus on water management planning and operation in the Upper East Bank of the Chao Phraya Delta. The authors express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Virat Khao-uppatum, Mr. Theerawat Tangpanich and Mr. Paopong Kararum, the former and present Project Managers of the MWMS Project, for their support for conducting this study. We are also grateful to: Mr. Tanasak Taptone, Mr. Somkid Sapaokham and Mr. Sompob Intaraksa who contributed in making GIS layers and analyzing satellite images; Mr. Somnuk Jirasirisopon for developing the digital data report system; Mr. Pornchai Ponchour and Mr. Sombat Sontisri who assisted in collecting water management data from local offices; and Mr. Apichai Wattanayomnaporn and 5 Project Offices in the UEB area for providing useful information. 2 Outline of the study area The model area of this study is set on the Upper East Bank (UEB) of the Chao Phraya Delta (Fig. 2). The UEB area occupies an area of 244,000 ha (Table 1), whose borders are the Chao Phraya River on the west, the Chainat-Pasak Canal on the east, and the Pasak River on the south. The UEB area roughly corresponds to the command areas of Maharaj, Manorom, Chong Khae, Khok Kathiam and Roeng Rang O&M Project Offices, all of which are under the responsibility of the Regional Irrigation Office 10 (RIO-10) of RID. Main water sources for the area are the Chainat- Pasak and the Chainat-Ayutthaya main canals, both of which intake water from the Chao Phraya River through main regulators located upstream of the Chao Phraya Dam (Fig. 2 and Table 1). Main water sources for the above two main canals are Bhumibol and Sirikit reservoir dams (Fig. 1), both of which are located in the upper Chao Phraya River Basin. The Chainat-Pasak canal has four main regulators across the canal (Fig. 2): Manorom regulator intakes water from the Chao Phraya River, while Chong Khae, Khok Kathiam and Roeng Rang regulators raise the upstream water levels so that lateral canals could intake water by gravity. Some lateral canals, however, have higher sill elevations at the heads than the water levels in the Chainat-Pasak canal. Therefore such lateral canals employ either mobile or stationary pumping devices at the canal heads for supplying water to the command area when the water level in the Chainat-Pasak canal is low. Along the Chainat-Pasak canal, 1R, 2R, 3R-2 and 25R lateral canals (Fig. 2) have such stationary pumping houses at the heads. In addition, Manorom Project has five canals with stationary pumping houses, namely Khao Kaeo, Ban Lek, Tha Chanuan, Wat Khok and Thammamun (Fig. 2), which intake water directly from the Chao Phraya River. Those stationary pumping houses are operated with electrical pumps. |
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| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | 本論文は，国際協力機構の技術援助のもと，タイ国王室灌漑局および農業普及局によって1999年4月から実施されているタイ国水管理システム近代化計画（MWMS）プロジェクトの活動の一環としてとりまとめたものである。 具体的には，MWMSプロジェクトが構築したデータベース，アンケート調査，一斉流量観測，リモートセンシング解析等を用いて，近年の水管理・耕作状況の動向を明らかにした。 本研究の結果を踏まえて，以下の提言を行った。①配水計画の策定においては，乾期全体の配水全体量の決定は，従来どおりのトップダウンのプロセスに従って，限られた水資源を地域ごとに分割していく一方，週ごとの配水パターンについては，現場の水利用実態を熟知している維持管理事務所による自主的な計画策定を認める。次に各維持管理事務所から示された週ごとの配水パターンを，従来とは逆のボトムアップ手法で積算し，それに基づいてRID本部が，上流ダムへの週ごとの放流要請量を決定する。②実際の施設運用に際して，策定された配水計画を常に参照し，必要があれば，関係者合意の上，それを変更する手続きを明確にしておく。 |
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| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 農業工学研究所技報 en : Technical report of the National Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering 巻 203, p. 155-193, 発行日 2005-03-31 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 独立行政法人農業工学研究所 | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
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| 出版者 | NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RURAL ENGINEERING INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
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| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0915-3314 | |||||||||||
