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施設野菜害虫モモアカアブラムシに対するギフアブラバチの生物的防除資材としての有効性評価と利用技術の開発に関する研究
https://doi.org/10.24514/00001723
https://doi.org/10.24514/00001723b5c33b71-7443-4c88-a8cc-845b3a2b5556
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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nivts_report_No11p1-33p.pdf (5.0 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文01 / Departmental Bulletin Original Article(1) | |||||
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| 公開日 | 2019-03-22 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 施設野菜害虫モモアカアブラムシに対するギフアブラバチの生物的防除資材としての有効性評価と利用技術の開発に関する研究 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Practical Evaluation of an Indigenous Aphid Parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) as a Biological Control Agent against Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Heteroptera, Aphididae) and Its Effective Applications in Greenhouses | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| ID登録 | ||||||
| ID登録 | 10.24514/00001723 | |||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
| 著者 |
太田, 泉
× 太田, 泉 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | Apterous viviparous nymphs and adults of M. persicae on qing-geng-cai were kept at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ under a 16L-8D photoperiod. Mean developmental times from first instar to adult emergence decreased as the temperature increased. Survival rates were over 90% at all temperatures and showed no significant difference between each temperature. The lower developmental threshold and total effective temperature were calculated as 5.6℃ and 113.1 degree-days. The adult fertility and longevity reached a maximum at 20℃, but the intrinsic rate of population increase was highest as 0.420 at 25℃. Micro-dissection of M. persicae attacked by A. gifuensis showed that all parasitized aphids contained one parasite progeny in their bodies ; no superparasitism occurred by single attacking. The rate of successful parasitization was 84.9%. The survival rates and developmental times of immature A gifuensis were examined at four constant rearing temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ with a photoperiod of 16 L-8 D. The survival rates from egg to adult emergence were more than 80% at all temperatures tested. The developmental times decreased with increasing temperatures in both sexes, except that the periods at 30℃ were slightly longer than those at 25℃ .The lower developmental threshold and total effective temperature were 5.5℃ and 188.6 degree-days for the females, and 5.7℃ and 181.0 degree-days for the males. Single female parasitoids of A gifuensis produced 529.0 progenies at 20℃ and 536.7 at 25℃ during their life spans. Longevities were 12.8 days and 12.3 days at 20℃ and 25℃, respectively. The number of eggs laid by the female wasps peaked on the first days after the emergence at the two temperatures tested, indicating their proovigenic status. Intrinsic rates of natural increase for A gifuensis were calculated as 0.350 at 20℃ and 0.462 at 25℃ .These values are higher than those for M. persicae, suggesting a significant character of A. gifuensis that indicates its great potential for use as a biological control agent for M persicae. Developmental responses of A. gifuensis were compared when incubated at a low or high temperature and a short or long day length. Host aphid mummification and parasitoid emergence from mummies were observed with very high probabilities of over 80% and 90%, respectively, at all treatments. Sex ratios of emerged parasitoids remained constant at approximately 0.6. Developmental periods of parasitoid progenies reared with a short day length (10 D-14 L) were approximately equal to those with a long day length (14 L-10 D) for both sexes, although the duration from mummy to emergence at 15℃ significantly differed between short and long day lengths. These results were summarized as A. gifuensis completed development under low temperature and short day length conditions of 15℃ and 10 L-14 D instead of entering larval diapause as mummies. I thusconclude that A. gifuensis populations introduced into domestic greenhouses can increase and work effectively as biological control agents against pest aphids even during the hibernal season with low temperature and short day length conditions. A. gifuensis were released on qing-geng-cai plants infested with M. persicae in greenhouses. The tests were conducted from September to October 2000 (Trial 1), from November to December 2000 (Trial 2) and from April to May 2001 (Trial 3). Three, six and one adult aphids per plant were put on the first days of trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Each trial consisted of three treatments : four-time releases of one female and one male adult parasitoid per plant with 7-day intervals in Greenhouse A, four-time releases of one female and one male per plant with 3-day intervals in Greenhouse B and a single release of four females and four males per plant in Greenhouse C. In Trial 1, aphid populations were suppressed in all of the greenhouses. Trial 2 resulted in an exponential increase of the aphid populations in all of the greenhouses. In Trial 3, the aphid population was controlled only in Greenhouse B. These results suggest that A gifuensis should be released in greenhouses to control M. persicae at the right aphid-density : A gifuensis introduction at high population density of M. persicae may result in failure of aphid control. And a multiple releasing of parasitoid wasps with an interval of days should be more effective to suppress aphid population increase than the single releasing. A. gifuensis in M. persicae mummies were placed under low temperatures to evaluate cold storage capability of the parasitoids. Adult emergence rates of parasitoids from aphid mummies kept at 7.6℃, 10.1℃ or 12.5℃ during 7 days were all approximately 80%. The emergence rate was 59.8% at 4.6℃. On the other hand, successful emergence of A. gifuensis from mummies exposed to low temperatures during 14 and 21 days were rarely observed with emergence rates of less than 10%. I conclude that M. persicae mummies with A. gifuensis progenies can be storaged under low temperatures to maximum of a week. Six species of legume or cereal-feeding aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora, Megoura crassicauda, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion akebiae were tested as candidates for alternative hosts of A gifuensis. A. pisum, R. maidis and S. akebiae were accepted by A. gifuensis. S. akebiae showed the most successful parasitism by A. gifuensis among the six aphid species tested, with a mummification rate of 71.7% and emergence rate of 96.7%. No parasitism was observed on R. padi, an alternative host available in the banker-plant system with an exotic parasitic wasp, Aphidius colemani. A. gifuensis females reared on S. akebiae had the same developmental period and body size as those reared on M. persicae, with no significant differences. They also demonstrated successful parasitic performance in M. persicae. These results suggest that S. akebiae should be a promising alternative host for use in a banker-plant system with A gifuensis. | |||||
| 書誌情報 |
野菜茶業研究所研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science 巻 11, p. 1-33, 発行日 2012-02-28 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | |||||
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| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 1346-6984 | |||||
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| 関連タイプ | isIdenticalTo | |||||
| 識別子タイプ | DOI | |||||
| 関連識別子 | 10.24514/00001723 | |||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||
