Less is known about cucurbit crops (Cucurbitaceae) in Southeast Asia than those in South and East Asia, which are recognized as useful breeding materials for disease resistance. A field survey was conducted in eastern Cambodia in order to collect genetic resources of cucurbit crops and to investigate the variation of seed and fruit traits in melon landraces. A total of 144 genetic resources were collected from markets, farmers' houses, and fields from the capital and eastern provinces of Cambodia, and the accessions were registered into the germplasm collections of both Cambodia and Japan. Among the 62 melon accessions, 45 and 17 were collected as seeds and fruits, respectively. The melon accessions seemed to share a gene pool via open pollination, which resulted in size variation in fruit and seed size both among and within the melon accessions and suggested that the accessions possess great variation in agricultural traits. The seed length of the Cambodian melon accessions was similar to that of Cucumis melo L. var. momordica (Roxburgh) Duthie & Fuller, which is indigenous to South Asia, but longer than that of melons from Laos, Vietnam, and East Asia, thus indicating the occurrence of genetic differentiation, even within Southeast Asian. Similarity in fruit character (e.g., flesh texture, occurrence of gelatinous sheaths around seeds, fruit size, and sugar concentration) were found in the melon landraces from Cambodia, South Asia and East Asia. We suggest that the Cambodian melon accessions should be evaluated for disease resistance so that they can be utilized as breeding material. The genetic resources of melon in Cambodia are thought to vary in both morphological and agricultural traits and may be useful for various breeding programs.
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2015年度カンボジアにおけるウリ科作物遺伝資源の探索
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