リンゴわい性台木の新品種 'JM 1', 'JM 7' および 'JM 8'

An apple rootstock improvement program at the Morioka Branch, Horticulture Research Station, now reorganized as the Apple Research Center, NIFTS, was started in 1972. Main objectives of the program were: to develop excellent rootstocks that are able to control tree size favorably; to resist diseases and pests such as crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum. P cambivora), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum); to tolerate water-logged soils; and to propagate easily by hardwood cuttings. A controlled cross of Malus prunifolia 'Seishi' x 'M.9' was made during 1972 -1975. Over the next 11 years initial screening of the seedlings continued at Morioka and three clones together with other seven clones were selected in 1984 with the desirable characteristics for putative vigor estimated by bark/wood ratio of root and propagative ability. Beginning in 1985, these rootstock selections were subjected to field trials executed by 12 experiment stations located in apple growing districts in Japan. Based on orchard performance and observation of disease and pest resistance, 'JM 1','JM 7'and 'JM 8' were released in 1996, and registered as No.7443,7444,7445 respectively, under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act of Japan to keep plant breeder's right on September 21,1999. Three JM rootstocks were resistant to crown rot disease and wooly apple aphid. 'JM 7' and 'JM 8' were also resistant against CLSV, but 'JM 1' was susceptible. 'JM 1'and'JM 7' were less susceptible to fire blight than' M.26'　Over 90% of cuttings in　'JM 7',　over 80% in　'JM 1',　over 70% in 'JM 8' rooted by using hardwood cuttings in the nursery, while 0 - 8% in 'M.9EMLA' and 'M.26EMLA'. Average shoot diameters were 6.6 to 7.0 mm and length of shoots were 77 to 101 cm. Rooting abilities of these JM rootstocks are much better than 'M.9EMLA' and 'M.26EMLA.' Observations of 'Fuji' trees over 15 seasons in the orchard at Morioka proved that 'JM 1', 'JM 7' and 'JM 8' produced trees smaller than 'M.9EMLA'. Trees on 'JM 7'and'JM 8' tend toward typical overgrowth of the rootstocks. Three JM rootstocks produced very low number of suckers and very low amount of burrknots compared to 'M.9EMLA' and 'M.26EMLA'. Trees of 'Fuji' on JM rootstocks had similar precocity to 'M.9EMLA.' Cumulative yield efficiency of 'Fuji' was highest in 'JM 7', and it was higher in 'JM 1' and 'JM 8' than that of 'M.9EMLA' or 'M.26EMLA'. Fruit weight, red color development, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and flesh firmness of 'Fuji' were measured. Large differences were not found in these traits except for soluble solids content and flesh firmness among the fruits. Average soluble solids and flesh firmness were higher in JM rootstocks than 'M.9EMLA' and 'M.26EMLA' every year. Our results suggest that resistance to several diseases and pests are better, and the trees are more productive on these JM rootstocks than they are on 'M.9EMLA' or 'M.26EMLA'. We regard these new rootstock varieties as worthy replacements for 'M.9' and 'M.26' in Japan.

書誌情報

果樹研究所研究報告
en : Bulletin of the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science

巻 11, p. 1-16, 発行日 2010-08-09

出版者

独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所

ISSN

収録物識別子タイプ

ISSN

収録物識別子

1347-3549

DOI

Versions

Ver.1

2023-05-15 15:01:44.757070

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Cite as

SOEJIMA, Junichi, YOSHIDA, Yoshio, HANIUDA, Tadayuki, BESSHO, Hideo, TSUCHIYA, Shichiro, MASUDA, Tetsuo, KOMORI, Sadao, SANADA, Tetsuro, ITO, Yuji, SADAMORI, Shosuke, KASHIMURA, Yoshiki, 2010, New Dwarfing Apple Rootstocks 'JM 1', 'JM 7' and 'JM 8': 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所, 1–16 p.

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