The Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) conducted an exploration and collection of plant genetic resources in Southwestern Cambodia in 2022 in cooperation with the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan. The exploration was conducted within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Japan. The team mainly explored cucurbitaceous vegetables in four provinces of Southwestern Cambodia (Kampot, Kampong Speu, Koh Kong, and Preah Sihanouk) and collected a total of 85 samples, including 22 accessions of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), 30 of melon (Cucumis melo), 5 of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), 3 of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), 1 of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida), 9 of eggplant (Solanum melongena), and 15 of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.). The seeds of each sample were divided into two parts: half were conserved in CARDI and the other half were transferred to the Research Center of Genetic Resources, NARO, using the standard material transfer agreement (SMTA).