@article{oai:repository.naro.go.jp:00003277,
 author = {野田, 尚信 and NODA, Naonobu and 能岡, 智 and YOSHIOKA, Satoshi and 岸本, 早苗 and KISHIMOTO, Sanae and 中山, 真義 and NAKAYAMA, Masayoshi and DOZONO, Mitsuru and DOUZONO, Mitsuru and 道園, 美弦 and 間, 竜太郎 and AIDA, Ryutaro},
 issue = {7},
 journal = {Science Advances, Science Advances},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {Various colored cultivars of ornamental flowers have been bred by hybridization and mutation breeding; however, the generation of blue flowers for major cut flower plants, such as roses, chrysanthemums, and carnations, has not been achieved by conventional breeding or genetic engineering. Most blue-hued flowers contain delphinidin-based anthocyanins; therefore, delphinidin-producing carnation, rose, and chrysanthemum flowers have been generated by overexpression of the gene encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. Even so, the flowers are purple/violet rather than blue. To generate true blue flowers, blue pigments, such as polyacylated anthocyanins and metal complexes, must be introduced by metabolic engineering; however, introducing and controlling multiple transgenes in plants are complicated processes. We succeeded in generating blue chrysanthemum flowers by introduction of butterfly pea UDP (uridine diphosphate)–glucose:anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase gene, in addition to the expression of the Canterbury bells F3′5′H. Newly synthesized 3′,5′-diglucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanins exhibited a violet color under the weakly acidic pH conditions of flower petal juice and showed a blue color only through intermolecular association, termed “copigmentation,” with flavone glucosides in planta. Thus, we achieved the development of blue color by a two-step modification of the anthocyanin structure. This simple method is a promising approach to generate blue flowers in various ornamental plants by metabolic engineering.},
 title = {Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism},
 volume = {3},
 year = {2017},
 yomi = {ノダ, ナオノブ and ヨシオカ, サトシ and キシモト, サナエ and ナカヤマ, マサヨシ and ドウゾノ, ミツル and アイダ, リュウタロウ}
}