@article{oai:repository.naro.go.jp:00003122,
 author = {小原, 裕三 and KOBARA, Yuso},
 journal = {農業環境技術研究所報告, Bulletin of National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Restrictions on soil fumigants usage have led to an intensive search for improved technologies to reduce both dosage and emission from fumigated plots into the atmosphere, while maintaining its effectiveness for disease and weed control. We found that using a gas-tight film considerably reduced emission loss to 7.6% of the applied amount during 7 days of application. However, emissions were high soon after removing the film, amounting to 33% emission over the entire period. The total emission is thus largely similar to that after using conventional films such as polyethylene. It is difficult to dramatically reduce the dosage by using a gas-tight film alone. Methyl bromide fumigant emission was reduced to less than 1% of the applied amount by using the sheet containing TiO2, against about 57% and 33% with polyethylene and gastight film, respectively. With improved field management practices, atmospheric concentrations of soil fumigants in the Kanto area were estimated by AIST-ADMER that enables estimation of average atmospheric concentrations of chemical substances by distributing chemical emissions. These results showed improved techniques may enable to reduce the emissions sufficiently. Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs), classified as persistent organic pollutants(POPs), have been banned as pesticides since early 1970s in Japan. Declining trends in atmospheric OCP concentrations began decreasing gradually in recent years, ranging from a few pg/m^3 to 1,000 pg/m^3, but data related to their nationwide distribution in the atmosphere remain sparse. A large-scale passive air sampling survey was therefore conducted across Japan. Polyurethane foam disks were deployed simultaneously at 54 sites to evaluate OCPs distribution in the atmosphere, during March 21 to May 16, 2008. Analyses of OCPs revealed a descending order of the concentrations(geological average: concentration range pg/m^3): CHLs (146:12-1290) > endosulfans (70:14-269) > HCHs (46:12-405) > HCB (42:21-107) > DDTs (23:2.6-579) > drins(11:2.7-11) > HPCLs(7.6-0.44-37) > mirex(0.24: 0.082-0.88) and, furthermore, confirmed the characteristics of the region on the OCP concentrations. Source diagnostic analysis by metabolites and isomers of OCPs, and trajectories suggested that DDTs, for instance, mainly come from DDT pesticide applied in Japan in past years. This was deduced form the ratio of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE.},
 pages = {131--162},
 title = {農薬の大気を経由した環境動態評価と大気放出量削減技術},
 volume = {31},
 year = {2012},
 yomi = {コバラ, ユウソウ}
}