{"created":"2023-05-15T13:38:15.058938+00:00","id":2130,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"ac67f0d9-8f49-41f9-bdb1-dbbd50bc7cba"},"_deposit":{"created_by":12,"id":"2130","owners":[12],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2130"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repository.naro.go.jp:00002130","sets":["87:623:622:129:260"]},"author_link":["515"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2009-02-27","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"110","bibliographicPageStart":"21","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"50","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"九州沖縄農業研究センター報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Kurume azalea is a brand name for evergreen azalea cultivars bred in Kurume, Fukuoka, which is located in northern Kyushu, and belongs to Rhododendron obtusum with medium-small sized flowers. The production of Kurume azaleas has increased since the 1950s because of the great demand as a green plant for public spaces. Azalea growers desired a cultivar with novel yellow flowers to attract consumers. To breed the yellow-flowered evergreen azaleas, yellow-flowered deciduous species, R. japonicum f. flavum was generally used as a pollen parent. In the cross of evergreen azalea × R. japonicum f. flavum, however, pre- and post-fertilization barriers existed so that viable seedlings were rarely obtained. This work was carried out to examine the hybridization barriers between evergreen azaleas as the seed parent and R. japonicum f. flavum as the pollen parent and to clarify the traits of the seed parents that produced vigorous hybrids efficiently. In addition, a breeding plan was proposed to produce a cultivar suitable for cultivation in warm regions. 1. 1) Samples of dorsal leaf surfaces taken from 16 species of evergreen azalea were examined to establish distinctive characteristics indicative of the presence of R. macrosepalum and R. ripense genetic properties in Kurume azaleas. Specific characteristics of leaf epidermis (epidermal cell, cuticular topography, and stomatal shape) and the existence of trichomes on veins were studied. R. macrosepalum and R. ripense were clearly distinguishable from R. kaempferi, R. kiusianum, and R. sataense, which were generally considered to be the original species of Kurume azalea. Dorsal leaf surfaces were examined on 58 cultivars of Kurume azalea. Fifteen cultivars had one or more of the three characteristics of leaf epidermis, which were similar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense. Vein trichomes, which occurred on R. macrosepalum and R. ripense, appeared on 16 cultivars. 2) Eight species of evergreen azalea (R. kaempferi, R. kiusianum, R. sataense, R. indicum, R. eriocarpum, R. macrosepalum, R. ripense and R. scabrum) considered to be original species of principal domestic cultivar groups were examined for aspartate aminotransferase isozyme in dormant flower buds. Aat-2^112 was peculiar to R. ripense, and Aat-2^104 was the species-specific allele of R. macrosepalum and R. scabrum. In 58 cultivars of Kurume azalea, four cultivars had either Aat-2^112 or Aat-2^104. These results imply that foundation stocks of Kurume azalea are more diverse than had been thought. 2. 1) The nature of hybridization barriers between evergreen azaleas × R. japonicum f. flavum was examined using 24 plants of 14 evergreen azalea species. Pre-fertilization barriers were an arrest of pollen tube growth and failure of pollen tubes to penetrate into the ovules; post-fertilization barriers were lack of seed germination, chlorophyll defects in cotyledons of seedlings, and death of young seedlings. Excluding R. ripense used as the seed parent, several fertilization barriers overlapped in one cross combination ; each barrier reduced hybridization but did not arrest it perfectly. In the case of R. ripense, pollen-style incompatibility existed. The number of viable seedlings / pollinated flowers (crossability) of evergreen azaleas to hybridize with R. japonicum f. flavum must be evaluated for each individual evergreen azalea. 2) A significant difference among nine R. japonicum f. flavum accessions appeared in the crossability. This result suggests that it is important to select highly crossable R. japonicum f. flavum plants as the pollen parent. 3) Histological observations were performed for ovules of some Kurume azalea cultivars from anthesis to 100 days after pollination. Abnormal embryo sac formation was one of the causes of the low fertilization rate in this hybridization. Failure of fertilization and abortion of the ovules just after fertilization were the causes of the fertilization barriers. Zygotes developed more slowly than those of a cross of Kurume azalea × Kurume azalea. 4) Thirty-nine cultivars of Kurume azalea as the seed parents were hybridized with a pollen parent of R. japonicum f. flavum. Viable hybrids were obtained from 13 crosses. Stepwise fitting and the Bayesian approach revealed that the ovules penetrated by pollen tubes and the ratio of viable hybrids to hybrid seedlings, excluding albinos, (the survival rate) were related to the crossability. When the Kurume azalea cultivars possessed dorsal leaf features similar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense used as the seed parent, the survival rate and the crossability were significantly higher. Some superior seed parents apparently can select among Kurume azalea cultivars with the dorsal leaf features similar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense. 3. To clarify the chromosome composition of vigorous hybrids, the C-banded karyotype of the shoot chromosomes was examined using five evergreen species, R. japonicum f. flavum, seven Kurume azalea cultivars, and nine vigorous hybrids obtained from the cross of Kurume azalea × R. japonicum f. flavum. The karyotypes of R. kaempferi (2n=26), R. kiusianum (2n=26) and R. sataense (2n=26) were almost the same, and the 13 homologous chromosomes were called T1 to T13. R. macrosepalum (2n=26) had three new chromosomes (T14, T15 and T16) instead of T3, T5 and T6, and R. ripense (2n=26) had T15 instead of T6. All Kurume azalea cultivars examined had 26 chromosomes. The cultivars with dorsal leaf features similar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense carried some chromosomes that were peculiar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense. The karyotype of R. japonicum f. flavum (2n=26) differed from that of evergreen azaleas, and the 13 homologous chromosomes were called P1 to P13. All hybrids examined had 26 chromosomes, 13 of which were derived from Kurume azalea and the remainder from R. japonicum f. flavum. All vigorous hybrids examined carried T14. When R. macrosepalum (having T14) was the seed parent, the hybrids were not vigorous. Also, all vigorous hybrids examined possessed T3, which was not detected in R. macrosepalum. The coexistence of T3 and T14 is thus considered necessary to break down hybrid weakness. 4. This work was the first to report production of vigorous hybrids between Kurume azalea and R. japonicum f. flavum. The inheritance of cpDNA, external characteristics, and cultural characteristics of the hybrid seedlings were examined to discuss the effectiveness of the breeding of yellow-flowered evergreen azaleas by the cross of Kurume azalea × R. japonicum f. flavum. 1) Plastid nucleoid DNA was observed in generative cells of the R. japonicum f. flavum pollen tubes using fluorescence microscopy after staining with DAPI. PCR-SSCP analysis revealed that all hybrids examined exhibited cpDNA haplotype of R. japonicum f. flavum. These results indicate that cpDNA of the hybrids was inherited paternally. 2) The trees were lower than self-pollinated progenies of Kurume azalea because the elongating growth of the hybrids stopped in late May. When Kurume azalea cultivars without the dorsal leaf features similar to R. macrosepalum and R. ripense were used as the seed parent, the hybrids were dwarf. 3) The flowers and leaves were larger than those of Kurume azaleas. In the flower petals, the appearance of carotenoid pigments derived from R. japonicum f. flavum was weaker than flavonoid pigments derived from Kurume azalea, and there appeared to be a phenomenon that yellow petals turned white after anthesis. 4) Insect injuries by slips and spider mites were striking, and their degree was the same as for R. japonicum f. flavum. The results of tree height and insect injuries are considered to be due to using R. japonicum f. flavum, which is unsuitable for planting in warm regions. In the breeding of yellow-flowered evergreen azaleas for cultivation in warm regions, a step of estimating aptitude for high-temperature environments should be added on the crossbreeding system for choosing the right parents among the yellow-flowered species and cultivars.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"中小輪系常緑性ツツジであるクルメツツジの黄花品種を作出するため, 常緑性ツツジとキレンゲツツジとの亜属間交雑で問題となる生殖的隔離機構の様相と, 交雑能力に優れる交雑親の遺伝的特性を明らかにすることを試みた。また, 得られた実生の外観的特性および栽培管理上の難易性を評価し, 暖地向き品種を作出するための方策を提案した。常緑性ツツジ (種子親)×キレンゲツツジ (花粉親) では, キシツツジを種子親に用いた場合を除き, 複数の交雑隔離障壁が重複して存在し, 各々の隔離障壁は雑種形成を低下させるが, 完全な隔離をもたらすことはなかった。また, 花粉親とするキレンゲツツジ個体の選定が, 交雑実生の獲得に重要であった。クルメツツジの成立に関与した野生種として, 既知の3種にモチツツジおよびキシツツジが加わることを推定した。モチツツジおよびキシツツジと同じ葉面形態特性を有するクルメツツジ品種中に, 交雑能力に優れる種子親が存在した。雑種弱勢の打破にはモチツツジに特徴的な染色体 T14 と, モチツツジにはなくヤマツツジ等が有する T3 が共存することが必要であった。得られた交雑実生は, 葉緑体 DNA が父性遺伝していた。暖地栽培に不向きなキレンゲツツジを黄色花色の提供親に用いた影響が実生の生育に現れたことから, 暖地向き品種の育種では, 黄色花色の提供親候補の種・品種に対し, 暖地での栽培適性を評価するステップを加えることを提案した。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24514/00002035","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 九州沖縄農業研究センター"}]},"item_10002_relation_14":{"attribute_name":"DOI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isIdenticalTo","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"10.24514/00002035","subitem_relation_type_select":"DOI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1346-9177","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"岡本, 章秀"},{"creatorName":"オカモト, アキヒデ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"OKAMOTO, Akihide","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"515","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"},{"nameIdentifier":"80414837","nameIdentifierScheme":"e-Rad","nameIdentifierURI":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/search/?qm=80414837"},{"nameIdentifier":"akioka","nameIdentifierScheme":"researchmap","nameIdentifierURI":"http://researchmap.jp/akioka"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-03-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"konarc_report_No50p21-110p.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"15.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"konarc_report_No50p21-110p.pdf","url":"https://repository.naro.go.jp/record/2130/files/konarc_report_No50p21-110p.pdf"},"version_id":"8c7e06cf-23ad-453a-bb69-0927dfcc9d1a"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"育種","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"交雑隔離","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"遠縁交雑","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"核型","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"クルメツツジ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"キレンゲツツジ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"breeding","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"fertilization barrier","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"interspecific hybridization","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"karyotype","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Kurume azalea","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Rhododendron japonicum f. flavum","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"クルメツツジとキレンゲツツジとの生殖的隔離機構の解明に基づく常緑性黄花ツツジの作出に関する研究","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"クルメツツジとキレンゲツツジとの生殖的隔離機構の解明に基づく常緑性黄花ツツジの作出に関する研究"},{"subitem_title":"Production of Yellow-Flowered Evergreen Azaleas through Clarification of Hybridization Barriers between Kurume Azaleas and Deciduous Species, Rhododendron japonicum f. flavum","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"12","path":["260"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-03-22"},"publish_date":"2019-03-22","publish_status":"0","recid":"2130","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["クルメツツジとキレンゲツツジとの生殖的隔離機構の解明に基づく常緑性黄花ツツジの作出に関する研究"],"weko_creator_id":"12","weko_shared_id":12},"updated":"2023-05-15T16:03:32.050612+00:00"}