{"created":"2023-05-15T13:37:56.034931+00:00","id":1648,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"884e2c0a-d4af-4d02-8212-811cf7863550"},"_deposit":{"created_by":12,"id":"1648","owners":[12],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1648"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repository.naro.go.jp:00001648","sets":["87:614:615:342:347"]},"author_link":["2293"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2005-12-01","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"84","bibliographicPageStart":"19","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"5","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"近畿中国四国農業研究センター研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"BULLETIN of THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER for WESTERN REGION","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Citrus fruits are the most principal fruits cultivated in Japan but their yearly production and consumption are decreasing in these days. Compounds occurring in citrus fruits such as flavonoid, carotenoid, coumarin, terpenoid, and limonoid have been vigorously studied for their biological activities and many reports have been published in recent years. The aim of the present work was to generate an increased commercial interest in citrus fruits and expand their production in terms of biological compounds included in them. In chapter 2, a quantification method of analyzing flavonoid constituents in citrus fruits was developed, and the flavonoid compositions of 45 citrus fruits in different tissues were determined. Based on the flavonoid compositions, discrimination of citrus species was investigated. Limonoids in the seeds of selected fruits were also analyzed. Firstly, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry using a photodiode array detector was developed as a method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 25 kinds of naturally occurring citrus flavonoids. The separation system consisted of a C_18 reversed phase column, a gradient system of 0.01 M phosphoric acid (A) and methanol (B), and a photodiode array detector. Each of the 25 flavonoids was eluted from the column with a gradient system composed of three periods ; (1) 0-55 min, 70-55% (v/v) A in B, (2) 55-95 min, 55-0% A in B, (3) 95-100 min, isocratic, 100% B, and quantified by spectrophotemetric detection at 285 nm. Identification of specific flavonoids was made by comparing their retention times (tR) and UV spectra with those of authentic standards. The relative standard deviations of tR values were 0.029-0.321%. The recoveries of flavonoids added to tissues were 97.47-103.03% from albedo and 96.87-104.93% from juice vesicle with standard deviations of 2.32-5.72% and 2.18-5.96%, respectively. Secondly, it was possible to discriminate the section of genus Citrus based on Tanaka's system by the inclusion pattern of seven flavonoid constituents except for part of Aurantium and Limonellus group species. Principal component analysis based on the composition showed that the scattered diagrams obtained from fruit tissues had different separation conditions each other. Flavedo was suitable for discrimination of individual species in Limonellus, Citrophorum, and Fortunella group, whereas albedo was so for those in Acrumen group and segment membrane was for those in Cephacitrus group. Unfortunately, scattering in each diagram didn't spread well enough to differentiate 45 species. One approach to solve this problem was to use data of several tissues in judgment. Another approach was to carry out the analysis focusing a certain section to perform more precise discrimination ; a section of a sample is known by its flavonoid composition. On the other hand, the effect of the production area on the flavonoid compositions should be clarified in the future. Thirdly, limonoids in the seeds of Iyo tangor (C. iyo hort. ex Tanaka), Shiikuwasha (C. depressa HAYATA), and Hanaju (C. hanaju hort. ex. Shirai) was examined. The composition and quantities of limonoids in Iyo seed were similar to those of species in Acrumen group. Since Iyo has a large quantity of seeds as by-products, this fruit was considered to be an effective source of limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. Both Shiikuwasha and Hanaju seeds had larger amount of limonoid glucosides than aglycones. In the seeds of Shiikuwasha, 17-β-D-glucopyranoside of nomilin occurred at 759 mg/100 g dry weight, and in that of Hanaju, 17-β-D-glucopyranosides of deacetylnomilin and deacetylnomilinic acid did at 620 and 470 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. As these 17-β-D-glucopyranoside derivatives are not general in citrus species, detection of some biological activities unique to them might add values to them. In chapter 3, inhibitory activities of citrus fruit constituent against platelet lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, as well as polymorphonuclear leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase were studied. Firstly, inhibitory activities of the albedo extract of 45 citrus species against rat platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase were screened. Among the species investigated, the extract of Lumie (C. lumia) was shown to possess the highest inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (IC_50 : 24 μg/mL), and that of Shuto (C. aurantium) was the highest against lipoxygenase (IC_50 : 56 μg/mL). The albedo extracts of citrus classified in the same taxonomic group appeared to have similar inhibitory activities toward these enzymes. The flavedo extract of ripe Lumie inhibited cyclooxygenase to the same degree as the albedo, more than the pulp extract. The flavedo, pulp, and juice extracts of ripe Ponkan (C. reticulata) also inhibited lipoxygenase in addition to the albedo extract. Both the flavedo and albedo tissues were shown to be abundant in inhibitory compounds against cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Secondly, an activity-guided separation for inhibitors of rat platelet lipoxygenase was carried out. This approach led to the isolation of two compounds, 4-O-feruloyl-5-O- caffeoylquinic acid (IC_50 : 5.5 μM) and methyl 4-O-feruloyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate (IC_50 : 1.9 μM) from the peel of Ponkan fruit, and eriocitrin (IC_50 : 22.3 μM) from Lumie fruit. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic and sugar analyses. These compounds also had inhibitory activities toward rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. The IC_50 values were calculated to be 2.67, 0.70, and 29.1 μM for 4-O-feruloyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, methyl 4-O-feruloyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate, and eriocitrin, respectively. Although eriocitrin had lower activities to these enzymes, its aglycone had much stronger inhibitory activities ; the IC_50 values were 0.07 and 0.20 μM for 12- and 5-lipoxygenase, respectively. Thirdly, the inhibitory activities of chlorogenic acid and eriodictyol derivatives were studied to clarify a structure-activity relationship of these structures toward platelet lipoxygenase. Concerning chlorogenic acid derivatives, following evidence was known ; 1) catechol residue was indispensable to exhibit the inhibitory activity, 2) binding of caffeic acid with quinic acid results in the loss of inhibitory activity, 3) the rate of loss differs with binding position, and 4) binding of caffeic acid and another cinnamic acid derivative with quinic acid leads to the gain of potent inhibitory activity. Also, the presence of catechol group on B ring in eriodictyol derivatives was necessary. In this structure, sugar moiety caused the loss of the activity and dimer of sugar subjected to the lower activity than that of monomer. In case of the inhibition for 5-lipoxygenase in intact polymorphonuclear leukocyte, only eriodictyol had the inhibitory activity (IC_50 : 12.7 μM) among chlorogenic acid derivatives and eriodictyol derivatives, suggesting that hydrophilic moieties such as sugar and quinic acid could be an obstacle to the permeation through the cell membrane. In chapter 4, effects of extraction methods on the concentrations of selected bioactive compounds in Ponkan juice were investigated. Ponkan fruit was processed by either in-line (5/64 and 8/64 inch), chopper pulper, or hand-press extractions. Concentrations of polymethoxylated flavones (tangeretin, nobiletin, and sinensetin) and β-cryptoxanthin in juice, and inhibitory activities against arachidonate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases of the juice extract were analyzed. The juice processed by hand-press extraction contained the largest amounts of nobiletin (3.56 mg/100 mL), tangeretin (4.10 mg/100 mL), and sinensetin (0.13 mg/100 mL). The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin were 0.66, 0.59, 0.55, and 0.50 mg/100 mL, in chopper pulper, in-line (5/64 inch), in-line (8/64 inch) and hand-press juices, respectively. Both extracts of in-line juices showed greater inhibitory activity toward platelet 12-lipoxygenase than the others. The inhibitory effect of hand-press juice extract on platelet cyclooxygenase activity was remarkable among the juice extracts. All juice extracts effectively inhibited polymorphonuclear 5-lipoxygenase activity to nearly the same extent.\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24514/00001604","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"独立行政法人 農業・生物系特定産業技術研究機構 近畿中国四国農業研究センター"}]},"item_10002_relation_14":{"attribute_name":"DOI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isIdenticalTo","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"10.24514/00001604","subitem_relation_type_select":"DOI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1347-1244","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"野方, 洋一"},{"creatorName":"ノガタ, ヨウイチ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"NOGATA, Yoichi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"2293","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"},{"nameIdentifier":"80370633","nameIdentifierScheme":"e-Rad","nameIdentifierURI":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/search/?qm=80370633"},{"nameIdentifier":"tanpakusitsuyoichi35","nameIdentifierScheme":"researchmap","nameIdentifierURI":"http://researchmap.jp/tanpakusitsuyoichi35"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-03-18"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"nwarc_report_No5p19-84p.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"454.4 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"nwarc_report_No5p19-84p.pdf ","url":"https://repository.naro.go.jp/record/1648/files/nwarc_report_No5p19-84p.pdf"},"version_id":"b6a78e79-1aa2-4ff4-a438-e0224aa52207"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"カンキツ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"フラボノイド","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"リモノイド","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"アラキドン酸","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"リポキシゲナーゼ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"シクロオキシゲナーゼ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"フェニルプロパノイド","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"エリオジクチオール","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"カンキツ果実の機能性成分の検索とその有効利用に関する研究","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"カンキツ果実の機能性成分の検索とその有効利用に関する研究"},{"subitem_title":"Studies on Biologically Active Compounds in Citrus Fruits and Their Effective Utilization","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"12","path":["347"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-03-22"},"publish_date":"2019-03-22","publish_status":"0","recid":"1648","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["カンキツ果実の機能性成分の検索とその有効利用に関する研究"],"weko_creator_id":"12","weko_shared_id":12},"updated":"2023-05-15T15:23:19.576378+00:00"}