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東北地域太平洋側の畑作ダイズの連作における減収要因並びに牛ふん堆肥連用による増収および土壌理化学性改善に関する土壌タイプ別解析 Causes of a Decrease in Soybean Yields by Continuous Cropping and Effects of Successive Application of Cattle Manure Compost on Soybean Yields and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Terms of Soil Types on the Pacific Seaboard of the Tohoku Region 三浦, 憲蔵 ミウラ, ケンゾウ MIURA, Kenzo 戸上, 和樹 トガミ, カズキ TOGAMI, Kazuki 吉住, 佳与 ヨシズミ, カヨ YOSHIZUMI, Kayo 工藤, 一晃 クドウ, カズアキ KUDO, Kazuaki 青木, 和彦 アオキ, カズヒコ AOKI, Kazuhiko 畑作ダイズ 連作 牛ふん堆肥 土壌タイプ 土壌理化学性 Soybean Continuous cropping Cattle manure compost Soil type Soil physicochemical properties 東北地域太平洋側における畑作ダイズの収量の向上および安定性の確保が求められている。そこで、ダイズ連作における減収要因および牛ふん堆肥連用による増収効果を土壌タイプ別に調査し、気象条件を加味して土壌理化学性の観点から検討した。化学肥料単用で５年間連作すると、灰色低地土、黄色土、アロフェン質黒ボク土では「リュウホウ」および「おおすず」の収量は２年目を除き、連作年数に伴って次第に低下した。両品種は２年目で少雨による土壌水分の不足からおそらく根粒活性低下やカリウム吸収抑制によって低収となった。非アロフェン質黒ボク土では「リュウホウ」および「おおすず」の収量は連作年数に伴って低下し、３年目でマグネシウムの相対的な不足によってその他の土壌と比べて低かった。また、灰色低地土の化学性はダイズ生育に好適な水準であったことから、５年間の平均収量が比較的高かった。これと対照的に、黄色土は化学性だけでなく、物理性も不良であったため、気象条件によって収量が変動しやすく、連作に伴って土壌pHと可給態窒素が低下し、減収しやすかった。一方、各土壌タイプで牛ふん堆肥連用による増収、収量の安定化および土壌理化学性改善の効果が示された。牛ふん堆肥連用によって黄色土はその他の土壌と比べて増収しやすかったが、収量の年次変動が大きかった。灰色低地土と黄色土では土壌pHが低下しやすかったが、牛ふん堆肥連用によって低下が抑制された。各土壌タイプで牛ふん堆肥連用によって可給態窒素は高く維持された。また、年次によっては黄色土や非アロフェン質黒ボクで牛ふん堆肥連用によるマグネシウムの相対的な不足が収量に影響した。連作10年目の高温条件下では灰色低地土および黄色土の牛ふん堆肥区で「リュウホウ」と「おおすず」が著しく低収となり、非アロフェン質黒ボク土およびアロフェン質黒ボク土の牛ふん堆肥区で「おおすず」が低収となった。これは根粒窒素固定量が抑制され、地上部窒素集積量が低下したためと推察された。それ以外の年次でのダイズの低収は多雨または少雨による過度の湿潤または乾燥によって概ね説明された。 We studied a decrease in soybean [Glycine max（L.）Merr.] yield during five years of continuous cropping and an increase in soybean yield by successive application of cattle manure compost during 15 years of continuous cropping by soil type from the viewpoint of soil physicochemical properties as well as meteorological conditions. In the cases of a gray lowland soil, a yellow soil and an allophanic andosol, soybean yields were gradually decreased by continuous cropping except in the second year, probably due to low soybean nodule activity and restriction of potassium uptake under low soil moisture conditions due to low rainfall. In the case of a non-allophanic andosol, soybean yields were gradually decreased and were the lowest among the four soils in the third year due to a relative deficiency of magnesium in relation to potassium. The chemical properties of the gray lowland soil were more favorable for soybean growth than those of the other three soils, and this soil produced a high average yield for five years. In contrast, both the chemical and physical properties of the yellow soil were unfavorable, causing fluctuations in soybean yields under different meteorological conditions and an overall decrease in yield due to decreases in soil pH values and available nitrogen content during the five years of continuous cropping. Nevertheless, under the successive application of cattle manure compost, each soil type showed increased soybean yields as well as stabilization of yields and improvement in the soil physicochemical properties. The soybean yields in the yellow soil tended to increase significantly compared to those in the other soils during the successive application of cattle manure compost, but the yields changed significantly from year to year. Soil pH values tended to decrease easily in the gray lowland soil and the yellow soil, but this lowering was controlled by the successive application of cattle manure compost. Available nitrogen content was increased by the successive application of cattle manure compost in each soil type. The opposite effects of a relative deficiency of magnesium on yields were seen in the yellow soil and the non-allophanic andosol in some years during the successive application of cattle manure compost. Nitrogen fixation amounts under the successive application of cattle manure compost were decreased by high temperatures in the tenth year, resulting in a decrease in the amounts of nitrogen accumulation in the above-ground parts and yields of“Ryuhou”and“Ohsuzu”in the gray lowland soil and the yellow soil, and of “Ohsuzu” in the non-allophanic andosol and the allophanic andosol. In the other years, relatively low yields were roughly explained by excessively wet or dry conditions due to relatively high or low rainfall. 国立研究開発法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) 2017-03 jpn departmental bulletin paper VoR https://doi.org/10.24514/00000013 https://repository.naro.go.jp/records/22 10.24514/00000013 2432-8081 農研機構研究報告 東北農業研究センター Bulletin of the NARO, Agricultural Research for Tohoku Region 119 59 78 https://repository.naro.go.jp/record/22/files/tarc_report119_6p.pdf application/pdf 2.4 MB 2017-08-17