The Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) conducted an exploration and collection of plant genetic resources in northeastern Cambodia in 2021 in cooperation with the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan. The exploration was conducted within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Japan. The team surveyed mainly cucurbitaceous vegetables in two provinces of northeastern Cambodia (Ratanakiri and Stung Treng) and collected 70 samples, including 34 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 23 melons (Cucumis melo), five cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), two watermelons (Citrullus lanatus), four eggplants (Solanum melongena), and two chili peppers (Capsicum sp.). Seeds were divided between the CARDI and the Genetic Resource Center, NARO, using the standard material transfer agreement (SMTA).