The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) conducted a collaborative exploration of plant genetic resources in Eastern Cambodia in 2019. The exploration was conducted within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. We surveyed four provinces of Eastern Cambodia (Kandal, Kratie, Mondul Kiri, and Kampon Cham Province) and collected 72 samples: 29 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 27 melons (Cucumis melo), 7 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 1 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), 7 chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens), and 1 eggplant (Solanum melongena). The seeds of each accession were divided into two, with one half being conserved in CARDI and the other being transferred to the Genetic Resource Center, NARO, using the standard material transfer agreement.