From the 3rd to the 16th of September 2015, the Seed Bank, Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Myanmar and the Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan conducted a collaborative survey to collect vegetable genetic resources, especially those of brassica vegetables, in Kayah State and the southern part of Shan State in Myanmar. We collected a total of 121 samples, including five Amaranthus samples, 63 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. samples, seven B. oleracea samples, including three subspecies, 18 Capsicum samples, 11 Lactuca sativa L. samples, 14 Raphanus sativus L. samples, and three unidentified brassica plants. The collected plant materials were divided into two subsets, with one to be conserved at Seed Bank of Myanmar and the other at Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan, after being transferred to Japan in accordance with international and national rules. Most of the B. oleracea vegetables grown in the areas were improved varieties that had been introduced from foreign countries. In contrast, most of the B. juncea vegetables were native varieties that had been cultivated in the area for a long time. Indeed, B. juncea has great importance in the diet of those living in and around the southern part of Shan State and is used as fresh and dry leaf vegetables, pickles, edible oil, or essential oil that is used cosmetically. The collected R. sativus samples were landraces that were mostly consumed locally as oilseed and as a root vegetable. A large diversity of B. juncea in Myanmar was observed in morphological and physiological characters and quality traits in this survey. We suggest that the genetic diversity of B. juncea is conserved in Myanmar, which is located between two secondary centers of diversity, China and India.
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ミャンマー連邦共和国シャン州南部におけるアブラナ科野菜類の遺伝資源探索収集
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