近年，大型の高軒高ハウスを中心に増加しつつあるトマト長期年１作栽培において，栽培途中における側枝伸長による面積あたりの茎数の増加が生育・収量に及ぼす影響を，品種や環境条件（CO2 濃度 , 湿度）を変えつつ， 物質生産の観点から解析した．側枝伸長による茎数増加は，光利用効率や積算受光量には影響がなく，面積あたりの花房数および着果数を増加させることによって乾物の果実分配率を高め，収量を増加させる可能性があることが明らかにされた．しかし，茎数増加による増収効果は品種や環境条件によって異なった．光合成量（ソース能）が増加する条件下で，‘ りんか 409’ は茎数増加によるシンク能の増加が可販果収量の増加に結びいたが，‘ 富丸ムーチョ ’ および ‘YAHARA’ では果実の大きさや着果数の変化によってシンク能が自律的に調節された結果， 茎数増加による可販果収量の効果は大きくなかった．また，光合成産物が不十分な場合には側枝よりも主枝に優先的に分配されるため，主枝よりも生育の遅れが生じて，花房数増加効果が低い場合があることが明らかとなった．
The effect of increased stem density achieved by retention of side branches during cultivation of tomato on plant growth and yield was analyzed from the perspective of characteristics of dry matter production. This analysis was performed while considering the cultivars and environmental conditions (CO2 concentration and humidity control). Our results showed that increase in the number of stems during cultivation had no effect on the light use efficiency or amount of cumulative intercepted light. Furthermore, it was observed that increased stem density resulted in higher dry matter distribution ratio of fruits along with increased yield in the form of a greater number of flowers and fruits per area. However, this effect on the yield differed between the cultivars and environmental conditions. It is concluded from these results that increasing the stem density is more effective in enhancing yield, when using a cultivar whose fruit size does not change with the source strength, such as ‘Rinka409’. Main stems were observed to use the photosynthetic products prior to the side branches, which caused delayed growth of the latter under insufficient availability of light for photosynthesis; in such cases, the contribution of increased stem density to yield increase may be low. Therefore, it is important to determine the most suitable timing to start the elongation of side branches and the proportion of the plant biomass that extends into these branches; this should be done while considering solar radiation and environmental control conditions, such as CO2 application.
雑誌名
農研機構研究報告 野菜花き研究部門
雑誌名(英)
Bulletin of the NARO, Vegetable and Floriculture Science
号
2
ページ
26 - 33
発行年
2018-03-26
出版者
国立研究開発法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
側枝を利用した茎数増加が促成栽培トマトの生育，収量および物質生産に及ぼす影響
nivfs_report02-4p.pdf
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